he Right to Work is a cornerstone of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), adopted by the UN in 1966. It is formally established under Article 6, but its full realization depends on the "Step-by-Step" progression outlined in Articles 7 and 8.
Unlike "Civil Rights" (which are immediate), the right to work is a progressive right, meaning states must constantly work toward achieving it based on their available resources.
1. Definition (Article 6)
Article 6 of the ICESCR defines the right to work as the right of everyone to the opportunity to gain their living by work which they freely choose or accept.
Key elements include:
Freedom from Forced Labor: You cannot be coerced into a specific job.
Right to Access: The State must take steps to ensure that employment is available to all without discrimination.
Technical and Vocational Guidance: The State must provide training programs to prepare the population for the economy.
2. Conditions of Work (Article 7)
The "Right to Work" is meaningless if the work is exploitative. Article 7 ensures that work must be "just and favorable," including:
Fair Wages: Remuneration that provides a decent living for workers and their families.
Equal Pay for Equal Work: Specifically highlighting that women must not be paid less than men for the same tasks.
Safe and Healthy Working Conditions: Protection against workplace hazards.
Rest and Leisure: Reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
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