Under Section 3(e) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, and the Hindu Succession Act, 1956, these terms define the biological relationship between two individuals based on their parents.
1. Full Blood
Two persons are said to be related to each other by full blood when they are descended from a common ancestor by the same wife.
Example: Brothers or sisters born to the same father and the same mother.
Key: Both parents are identical.
2. Half Blood
Two persons are related by half blood when they are descended from a common ancestor but by different wives.
Example: Two children who share the same father but have different mothers.
Context: This usually occurs in cases of a father’s remarriage after the death of a spouse or divorce.
3. Uterine Blood
Though not in your prompt, this is the third related category defined in the same section. Two persons are related by uterine blood when they are descended from a common ancestress but by different husbands.
Example: Two children who share the same mother but have different fathers.
Legal Significance
Succession: Under Section 18 of the Hindu Succession Act, heirs related by full blood are preferred over those related by half blood, provided the relationship is otherwise the same.
Marriage: Both full blood and half blood relationships fall within the Degrees of Prohibited Relationship and Sapinda Relationships. Marriage between such relatives is generally void.
| Relationship | Common Father? | Common Mother? |
| Full Blood | Yes | Yes |
| Half Blood | Yes | No |
| Uterine Blood | No | Yes |
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