Pious Obligations
This is a traditional Mitakshara concept rooted in the belief that a son has a religious duty to save his father from the "sin" of dying in debt.
The Rule: A son, grandson, and great-grandson are liable to pay the non-vyavaharik (legal and moral) debts of their father, provided they have inherited ancestral property.
Exception: The son is not liable for debts incurred for "immoral or illegal" purposes (e.g., gambling debts or bribes).
Modern Status: After the 2005 Amendment, the doctrine of Pious Obligation has been abolished. Sons are no longer liable for their father's debts solely by reason of birth, though debts incurred before 2005 may still be subject to older rules.
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