The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is supported by two "Optional Protocols" that provide specific mechanisms for enforcement and address the abolition of the death penalty.
1. First Optional Protocol (1966)
This protocol creates the Individual Complaint Mechanism.It allows individuals—not just states—to file a complaint directly with the UN Human Rights Committee if they believe their rights under the ICCPR have been violated.
2. Second Optional Protocol (1989)
This protocol is aimed at the Abolition of the Death Penalty. It commits member states to permanently abolish the death penalty within their borders.
India has acceded to the ICCPR but has not signed or ratified either of these two Optional Protocols.
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