Literal Meaning: A matter judged.
Concept: Found in Section 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), this maxim states that once a court has heard and decided a case between the same parties on the same subject matter, those parties cannot sue each other again for that same issue.
Purpose:
Finality: To bring an end to litigation (Interest Reipublicae Ut Sit Finis Litium).
Protection: To prevent a person from being harassed twice for the same cause of action (Nemo debet bis vexari).
Illustration: If "A" sues "B" for ownership of a house and the court rules in favor of "B," "A" cannot file a fresh lawsuit against "B" next year for the same house based on the same facts.
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