Recidivism refers to the tendency of a convicted criminal to re-offend or relapse into criminal behavior after they have already been punished or "reformed." A person who repeats crimes is called a Recidivist (or a habitual offender).
Why it Matters: Recidivism is a key metric used to measure the effectiveness of the prison system. If recidivism rates are high, it suggests that the "reformative" aspect of the jail is failing.
Causes:
Social Stigma: Difficulty in finding employment or social acceptance after release.
Prison Contamination: Learning more advanced criminal techniques from other inmates.
Lack of Rehabilitation: Absence of vocational skills or psychological counseling during incarceration.
Legal Measures: Many laws provide for enhanced punishment for habitual offenders (e.g., Section 75 of the IPC), ensuring that a second or third offense carries a much stricter penalty than the first.
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