Modes of ADR

 The Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) system in India comprises several distinct techniques, as recognized under Section 89 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908:

  • Arbitration: A formal process where an arbitrator gives a binding award.

  • Conciliation: A facilitative process where a third party suggests settlement terms.

  • Mediation: A non-binding process where a mediator helps parties reach their own agreement.

  • Lok Adalat: "People's Courts" used for settling pending or pre-litigation cases through compromise.

  • Negotiation: Direct communication between parties to reach a settlement without a third party.

  • Judicial Settlement: A settlement reached with the assistance of a judge in a court-annexed program.

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