Definition: Under Section 2(h) of the Trade Unions Act, 1926, a Trade Union is any combination, whether temporary or permanent, formed primarily for the purpose of regulating the relations between workmen and employers, or between workmen and workmen, or between employers and employers, or for imposing restrictive conditions on the conduct of any trade or business.
Multiplicity of Trade Unions: This refers to the existence of several trade unions within a single establishment or industry.
Causes: Political outside leadership, ease of registration (only 7 members were traditionally required), and internal ideological rifts.
Impact:
Weak Bargaining Power: Employers can play unions against each other ("divide and rule").
Inter-Union Rivalry: Leads to strikes and violence that have nothing to do with employer-employee issues.
Difficulty in Recognition: It becomes hard for an employer to identify a single "sole bargaining agent."
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