Sustainable development is the organizing principle for meeting human development goals while simultaneously sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the resources and ecosystem services upon which the economy and society depend.
The "Brundtland" Definition: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Judicial Recognition in India: The Supreme Court in Vellore Citizens’ Welfare Forum v. Union of India (1996) recognized Sustainable Development as part of Customary International Law.
Key Components:
The Polluter Pays Principle: The absolute liability for harm to the environment extends to compensating the victims and restoring the environment.
The Precautionary Principle: Taking action to prevent environmental damage even if scientific certainty is missing.
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