The Constitution of India is one of the few in the world that contains specific provisions for environmental protection, added via the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.
Article 51A(g): It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.
Nature of the Duty: While Fundamental Duties are non-justiciable (cannot be enforced directly in court like Fundamental Rights), they are used by the judiciary to interpret laws and provide directions to the State and citizens.
Complementary Provision (Article 48A): Under the Directive Principles of State Policy, the State shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.
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