Hazardous Substance

Statutory Definition: Section 2(e) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

Meaning: It means any substance or preparation which, by reason of its chemical or physico-chemical properties or handling, is liable to cause harm to human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organisms, property, or the environment.

Effect on Environment: Hazardous substances cause severe environmental degradation by contaminating soil and water, leading to bioaccumulation in food chains. They disrupt ecosystems, cause reproductive failure in wildlife, and trigger long-term toxic effects. Improper disposal can result in atmospheric pollution and the destruction of biodiversity, often leaving areas uninhabitable for decades.

Management: The handling of such substances is further regulated by the Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016.