Soil erosion is the displacement of the upper layer of soil (topsoil), which is the most fertile layer. It is a form of soil degradation caused by dynamic agents such as water, ice, snow, air, plants, animals, and humans.
Mechanisms:
Water Erosion: Raindrops break apart soil aggregates, and runoff carries the particles away.
Wind Erosion: Occurs in arid regions where high-velocity winds lift and transport loose soil.
Impact: It reduces agricultural productivity, causes sedimentation in rivers (leading to floods), and results in the loss of vital nutrients.
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